Exhibit Mapping to KS5 Exam Specifications - Biology
AQA
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Unit |
Subunit |
Subunit description |
Exhibit Name |
|---|---|---|---|
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Unit 1 BIOL1: Biology and Disease |
3.1.1 |
Disease may be caused by infectious pathogens: Pathogens. Key words: Viruses, disease, transmission routes. |
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Unit 1 BIOL1:Biology and Disease |
3.1.1 |
Disease may reflect the effects of lifestyle:Lifestyle can affect human health. Key words: Cancer, coronary heart disease, lifestyle changes = decreased risk. |
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Unit 1 BIOL1: Biology and Disease |
3.1.3 |
Substances are exchanged between organisms and their environment by passive or active transport across exchange surfaces. The structure of plasma membranes enables control of the passage of substances across exchange surfaces: Active transport, Cells. Key words: Carrier proteins, transport of substances across plasma membranes. Cells, microscopes, differences between magnification and resolution. |
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Unit 1 BIOL1: Biology and Disease |
3.1.5 |
The functioning heart plays a central role in the circulation of blood and related to the level of activity of an individual. Heart disease may be linked to factors affecting lifestyle: The biological basis of heart disease. Heart structure and function. Key words: Coronary heart disease, diet, blood cholesterol, high blood pressure. Myogenic stimulation, electrical activity, sinoatrial node (SAN), atrioventricular node (AVN). Atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, aneurysm, thrombosis, coronary heart disease, diet, serum cholesterol, high blood pressure. |
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Unit 1 BIOL1: Biology and Disease |
3.1.6 |
Mammalian blood possesses a number of defensive functions: Principles of immunology. Key words: Phagocytosis, B and T cells, plasma cells, monoclonal antibodies. |
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Unit 2 BIOL2:The Variety of Living Things |
3.2.1 |
Living organisms vary and this variation is influenced by genetic and environmental factors: Causes of variation. Key words: Genetic factors, environmental factors. |
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Unit 2 BIOL2: The Variety of Living Things |
3.2.4 |
The variety of life is extensive and this is reflected in similarities and differences in its biochemical basis and cellular organisation: Haemoglobin. Key word: Haemoglobin. |
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Unit 2 BIOL2: The Variety of Living Things |
3.2.6 |
in complex multicellular organisms, cells are organised into tissues, tissues into organs and organs into systems: cell differentiation. Key word: Cell differentiation. |
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Unit 4 BIOL4: Populations and Environment |
3.4.1 |
The dynamic equilibrium of populations and ecosystems is affected by a number of factors: Populations and ecosystems. Key words: Habitat, communities, adaptations in abiotic and biotic conditions. |
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Unit 5 BIOL5: Control in Cells and in Organisms |
3.5.1 |
Stimuli, both internal and external are detected and lead to a response: Control of heart rate. Receptors.Key words: Chemoreceptors, effectors controlling heart rate. Visual acuity, optic nerves. |
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Unit 5 BIOL5: Control in Cells and in Organisms |
3.5.2 |
Coordination may be chemical or electrical in nature: Nerve Impulses. Synaptic Transmission. Key words: Structure and workings of Neurones. Cholinergic synapses, neuromuscular junction. |
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Unit 5 BIOL5: Control in Cells and in Organisms |
3.5.3 |
Muscles are stimulated to contract by nerves and act as effectors. The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction. Key words: Ultrastructure of myofibril, roles of calcium ions, actin, myosin in muscle contraction, roles of calcium ions in actinmyosin bridge formation. |
Calcium signalling - getting to the heart of the matter |
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Unit 5 BIOL5: Control in Cells and in Organisms |
3.5.4 |
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment: Control of blood glucose concentration. Key words: Type 2 diabetes, manipulation of diet. |
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Unit 5 BIOL5: Control in Cells and in Organisms |
3.5.7 |
Gene expression is controlled by a number of features:Most of a cell's DNA is not translated. Key words: Totipotent cells, stem cells. |
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Unit 5 BIOL5: Control in Cells and in Organisms |
3.5.8 |
Gene cloning technologies allow study and alteration of gene function in order to better understand organism function and to design new industrial and medical processes: Gene cloning and transfer. Gene therapy Key words: Gene cloning and transfer, in vitro, in vivo. Gene Therapy |
OCR
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Unit |
Subunit |
Subunit description |
Exhibit Name |
|---|---|---|---|
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AS unit F211: Cells, Exchange and Transport |
Module 1: 1.1.1 |
Cell structure: An understanding of why light and electron microscopes are important to the understanding of biology. Careful observation using microscopes reveals details of cell structure and ultrastructure. Key words: Resolution and magnification, linear magnification calculations. |
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AS unit F211:Cells, Exchange and Transport |
Module 1: 1.1.2 |
Cell Membranes:Membranes are a fundamental part of the cell. The structure of the cell surface membrane allows cells to communicate with each other. Understanding this ability to communicate is important as scientists increasingly make use of membrane-bound receptors as sites for the action of medicinal drugs. Understanding how different substances enter cells is also crucial to the development of mechanisms for the administration of drugs.Key words: Cell signalling, transport. |
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AS unit F211: Cells, Exchange and Transport |
Module 1: 1.1.3 |
Cell division, cell diversity and cellular organisation:In multicellular organisms, stem cells are modified to produce many different types of specialised cell. Understanding how stem cells can be modified has huge potential in medicine. Key words: Stem cells, differentiation (with reference to erythrocytes [red blood cells]), specialisation of stem cells. |
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AS unit F211:Cells, Exchange and Transport |
Module 2: 1.2.2 |
Transport systems in animals:Controlling supply of nutrients and removal of waste requires the co-ordinated activity of the heart and circulatory system. Key words: Heart, sinoatrial node (SAN), atrioventricular node (AVN). |
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AS Unit F212:Molecules, Biodiversity , Food and Health |
Module 2: 2.2.1 |
Diet and food production:A balanced diet is essential for good health. Key words: Balanced diet, malnutrition (obesity), coronary heart disease, blood cholesterol. |
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AS Unit F212: Molecules, Biodiversity , Food and Health |
Module 2: 2.2.2 |
Health and disease:Health can be compromised in many ways. Humans are surrounded by parasites and pathogens. Causes and means of transmission and the use of medical interventions to support these natural defences. Key words: Health, disease, pathogen, immune response, antigens, antibodies, B and T cells,HIV, influenza. |
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AS Unit F212: Molecules, Biodiversity , Food and Health |
Module 3: 2.3.1 |
Biodiversity and evolution: Biodiversity is an important indicator in the study of habitats. Key words: Habitat, ecology. |
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AS Unit F212: Molecules, Biodiversity , Food and Health |
Module 3: 2.3.3 |
Evolution:Variation occurs within as well as between species. Key words: Behavioural, physiological and structural adaptations of organisms to their environments. Variation, genetic and environmental factors. |
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AS Unit F212: Molecules, Biodiversity , Food and Health |
Module 3: 2.3.4 |
Maintaining biodiversity: consequences of global climate change: Key words: Climate change, conservation, environmental impact. |
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A2 Unit F214: Communication, Homeostasis and Energy |
Module 1: 4.1.1 |
Communication:Organisms use chemical and electrical systems to monitor and respond to any deviation from the body's steady state. Key word: Cell signalling. |
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A2 Unit F214: Communication, Homeostasis and Energy |
Module 1: 4.1.2 |
Nerves:Transmission between neurones takes place at synapses. Key words: Nerve impulses, neurones, action potential, synapses. |
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A2 Unit F214: Communication, Homeostasis and Energy |
Module 1: 4.1.3 |
Hormones: Treatment of diabetes is used as an example of the use of medical technology in overcoming defects in hormonal control systems. Key words: Type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
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A2 Unit F215: Control, Genomes and Environment |
Module 3: 5.3.1 |
Ecosystems:Understanding how ecosystems work and managing sustainability and conservation. Interaction with the physical environment. Key words: Ecosystems, abiotic and biotic factors. |
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A2 Unit F215: Control, Genomes and Environment |
Module 3: 5.3.2 |
Populations and Sustainability:Understanding how ecosystems work and managing sustainability and conservation. Interaction with the physical environment. Key words: Conservation and preservation. |
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A2 Unit F215: Control, Genomes and Environment |
Module 4: 5.4.2 |
Animal responses:In animals, responding to changes in the environment is a complex and continuous process, involving nervous, hormonal and muscular coordination. Key words: Human brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus), coordination of muscular movement via brain and nervous system, synapses, environmental stimuli. |
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A2 Unit F215: Control, Genomes and Environment |
Module 4: 5.4.3 |
Animal behaviour:Animals behave in ways that enhance their survival and reproductive capacity. Behaviour patterns can be simple or complex and can range from genetically programmed behaviour to learned behaviour that is significantly influenced by the environment.Key words: Innate behaviour, learned behaviour, genetically determined behaviour, imprinting, habituation, classical and operant behaviour, social behaviour in primates, human behaviour. |
Edexcel
Note: The first subunit quoted is from the concept-led approach, and the second is the context-led approach.
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Unit |
Subunit |
Subunit description |
Exhibit Name |
|---|---|---|---|
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Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health |
1.3: Topic 1 / 5.3: Topic 1 |
Lifestyle, health and risk:The structure and function of the cardiovascular system and the ways in which diet and lifestyle may affect the heart and circulatory system. Key words: Risk factors leading to cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, blood cholesterol, diet, obesity. Structure and function of the heart. |
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Unit 1: Lifestyle, transport, genes and health |
1.4: Topic 2 / 5.4: Topic 2 |
Genes and Health: Structure and properties of amino acids and enzyme action. Key words: Amino acids, enzymes. |
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Unit 2:Development, Plants and the Environment |
2.3: Topic 3 / 6.3: Topic 3 |
The voice of the genome: Cell structure and function, division and aggregation to form tissues and organs. Formation of stem cells, gene expression and cell differentiation. Overview of cell structure and ultrastructure. Key words: Stem cells, pluripotency, totipotency, medical therapies, human embryo research, sources of stem cells. Electron microscope images. |
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Unit 2: Development, Plants and the Environment |
2.4: Topic 4 / 6.4: Topic 4 |
Biodiversity and natural resources.Diversity can be brought about by adaption and natural selection. Comparison between cells from different organisms Key words: Habitat, behavioural adaptation to the environment. Light microscope images. Adaptation of organisms to their environment, behavioural, anatomical and physiological. |
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| Arctica Islandica, the longest-lived animal on earth | |||
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Unit 4:The Natural Environment and Species Survival |
3.3: Topic 5 / 7.3: Topic 5 |
On the wild side:The effect of global warming on a variety of organisms. Key words: Ecology, habitat, climate change, global warming, reproductive isolation and adaption. |
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Unit 4:The Natural Environment and Species Survival |
3.4: Topic 6 / 7.4: Topic 6 |
Infection, immunity and forensics:Bacteria and viruses use a variety of routes into their hosts and hosts have evolved barriers and internal mechanisms to combat infections. Evolutionary battles can also occur between invading pathogens and their hosts. Key words: Viruses, transmission. Immune response, amino acids, pathogens, T-cells, enzymes. |
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Unit 5: Energy, Exercise and Coordination |
4.4: Topic 8 / 8.4: Topic 8 |
Grey matter: The structure and function of the mammalian nervous system, including imaging techniques to investigate the brain.Key words: Habituation. Human brain (hemispheres, hypothalamus, cerebellum, medulla oblongata), MRI and CT scans, animal models for human brain study, brain development, damaged brain, brain chemicals, effect of drugs on the brain, dementia and degeneration of the brain, neurones, synapses, neurotransmitters. |
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